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EnigmA AMIGA RUN 33 (1999)(G.R. Edizioni)(IT)[!][issue 1999-01].iso
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Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!news.kodak.com!news-nysernet-16.sprintlink.net!206.229.87.26!news-east.sprintlink.net!news-peer.sprintlink.net!news.sprintlink.net!news-peer.gip.net!news.gsl.net!gip.net!newsfeed.internetmci.com!139.130.250.2!intgwpad.nntp.telstra.net!nsw.nntp.telstra.net!news.syd.connect.com.au!news.mel.connect.com.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!news.rmit.EDU.AU!news.cs.rmit.edu.au!not-for-mail
From: robin_v@bigpond.com (Robin Vowels)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.pl1,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: PL/I Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Followup-To: comp.lang.pl1
Date: 25 Aug 1998 14:56:28 GMT
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Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked
Questions (and their answers) about PL/I --
Programming Language/I. It should be read by anyone
wanting to read the newsgroup comp.lang.pl1.
It is of interest to anyone wanting to read any
of the comp.lang.* newsgroups.
X-Posting-User: rav
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Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.lang.pl1:3920 comp.answers:32747 news.answers:138325
Archive-name: computer-lang/pli-faq
Posting-Frequency: three-monthly (Jan Apr Jul Oct)
Last-Modified: 3 May 1998
Version: 1.8
FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
====================================
(Q1) What is PL/I?
PL/I is a general-purpose programming language, which
is used for solving problems in a variety of fields
such as commerce, science (including mathematics,
physics, chemistry), engineering (incl. civil, electrical,
aeronautics), medicine and so on. It can be used for
system programming, and the facilitites are such that
it is rarely if ever necessary to resort to machine-language
or assembly-language programming to solve problems.
It has more power than Pascal, Fortran 90, BASIC, C, and
COBOL, and has comparable facilities to Ada.
The main areas where PL/I is superior include interrupt
handling, the built-in debugging aids, the macro
processor facilities, string-handling and input-output
(see below).
The language has good documenting and self-documenting
facilities; programs are easy to read and to understand.
It bears some resemblance to Fortran and BASIC.
The language is suitable for beginners, as well as for
anyone wanting to become a professional.
An excellent summary of PL/I can be found at:
http://www.torolab.ibm.com/ap/pli/pliwhat.html
[a plain text version is attached at the end of this FAQ.]
Sample codes can be found at the following URLs:
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/SEARCH.html
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/SEARCHR.html
and
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/VERIFY.html
(these are in plain text form).
Sample codes of a tutorial nature are found at:
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/INSERT_SORT.html
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/LISTS.html
(Click on the keywords for an explanation.)
(Q2) On what systems is it available?
PL/I is available on at least the following systems:
* IBM PC and compatibles (80x86).
* IBM PL/I for OS/2:
Professional Edition
There is also the PL/I Toolkit, which is accompanied
by the live editor LPEX..
---available from IBM
* Liant Open PL/I, for 80x86 & Pentium running UNIX SVR3 and SVR4
---available from Liant Software Corporation
959 Concord Street
Framingham, MA 01701-4613
Tel. (508) 872-8700 Fax (508) 626-2221
(their PL/I generally is available on Unix-based systems)
* Windows NT -- available from Liant
* Windows 95/NT -- available from IBM
* IBM AS/400
--- available from IBM
* IBM mainframes
--- available from IBM
* HP 9000 HP-UX
---available from Liant Software Corporation (address sbove)
* SPARC SunOS 4.x, Solaris 2.x
---available from Liant
* IBM RS/6000 AIX
---available from Liant Software Corporation;
---also available from IBM as PL/I Set for AIX.
* Data General AViiON with DG-UX
---available from Liant.
* Digital Equipment Corp. on Open VMS and Alpha AXP systems
---available from Digital Equipment Corporation.
UniPrise, Inc. now provides compilers for these systems.
(PL/I for Digital Unix)
* Stratus Computer, Inc.
---available under VOS on all Stratus computers except AX/R-S.
(Q3) How can I try out PL/I?
There is a demo copy on
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ps/products/pli/demos/
There's also the original Digital Research PL/I for DOS.
It's a subset of PL/I, of course, because it had to fit
in 64K originally (I think).
You'll find it at http://cdl.uta.edu/cpm/cpm.html.
Find the PCDOS section, and then checkout DOWNLOADS.
Be sure to download the utilities (including the linker)
as well as the compiler and sample codes.
(Q4) What do the compilers provide?
All compilers provide enhanced versions of the ANSI standard (the IBM
AS/400 PL/I compiler adheres to SAA rules). There's a
summary of what you'll find in PL/I at
http://www.torolab.ibm.com/ap/pli/pliwhat.html
In the case of IBM PL/I for OS/2, PL/I Set for AIX,
Windws 95 and Windows NT, a number of new language features
is provided and include:
(a) list processing in which the pointers (handles) are
bound to the structures with which they are linked;
(b) ordinals;
(c) user-defined types;
(d) Unsigned integer type;
(e) New DO loop options that cause the loop to
terminate without overrunning the limit (specifically
for ordinals and unsigned integers);
(f) A much-enhanced macro-processor.
(this is not an exhaustive list)
There are also 97 new built-in functions, including
extra-special DATE/TIME functions, string-handling
functions, housekeeping functions (e.g.,
where-am-I-called-from?), and ordinal functions
(including a function to supply the name of an ordinal!).
General details are appended to this posting.
(Q5) What textbooks are available?
Some of the best include:
R.A. Barnes, "PL/I for Programmers", North-Holland, 1979.
J.K. Hughes, "PL/I Structured Programming", 3rd Ed., Wiley, 1986.
G.F. Groner, "PL/I Programming in Technological Applications",
Books on Demand, Ann Arbor, MI, 1971.
M.E. Anderson, "PL/I for Programmers", Prentice-Hall, 1973.
D.R. Stoutemyer, "PL/I Programming for Engineering & Science",
Prentice-Hall, 1971.
R. Reddy & C. Ziegler, "PL/I: Structured Programming and
Problem Solving", West, 1986, ISBN 0-314-93915-6.
New books:
E. Sturm, PL/I fuer Workstations (in German language),
Vieweg-Verlag (1997). 278 pages,
ISBN: 3-528-24792-4
http://www.uni-muenster.de/URZ/Mitarbeiter/EberhardSturm/pl1buch.html
R. Vowels, "Introduction to PL/I, Algorithms, and
Structured Programming", 3rd Ed., Sept. 1997,
ISBN 0-9596384-9-0 725 pages, A4 size
[details at
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/CONTENTS.html]
Comes with a disc containing all the programs,
procedures, and functions from the book. The
disc was first published in October 1996.
The following are good PL/I reference manuals. (They also
highlight the additions that the OS/2 version provides
compared with the mainframe version; thus you can use
it as a reference on either system.)
IBM, "PL/I for OS/2: Language Reference", 1994 edition
IBM, "PL/I for OS/2: Built-in Functions", 1994 edition
(Q6) Is there a newsletter?
"The PL/I Connection" is published by Team PL/I.
To request a free subscription, send email to:
teampli@vnet.ibm.com
Recent copies are accessible at:
http://www.torolab.ibm.com/ap/pli/plinews.html
(Q7) Is there a home page?
There are at least eight of interest:
http://www.software.ibm.com/ad/pli/
(the PL/I Home page)
http://www.software.ibm.com/ad/pli/pliwhat.html
(this gives you an overview of PL/I)
http://www.liant.com
(then click on the LPI button)
http://www.dec.com/home.html
(then select OpenVMS ..., or you may find the direct
link quicker ->
http://www.uniprise.com/
ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/info/SPD/25-30-21.txt (might not work)
ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/info/SPD/25-30-XX.txt
http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Languages/
Or if you prefer, you can start on http://www.yahoo.com/ and take
it from there. When the Languages display comes up,
look for PL/I. Click on that, and then you can
go to different sites.
http://www.utu.fi/~sisasa/oasis/oasis-pli.spml
The PL/I Oasis lists several interesting PL/I sites.
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/PLI.html
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/FAQ.html
Is the HTML version of the FAQ for PL/I.
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/PLI_RESOURCES.html
This is the PL/I resource page. It links to
PL/I codes, books, reading materials including
direct links to all issues of the PL/I Newsletter.
It is currently under construction.
http://www.gre.ac.uk/~hs574
The DarkStar Site contains resources for PL/I
including Books 'n' Links.
Visit the DarkStar Site, there's a lot more in store.
http://www.worldweb.net/~jcanterb/pli/
is a new Unofficial PL/I Resource and Resume Page
created by Jerry Canterbury, The purpose of this
page is twofold.
First, it attempts to gather links to *all* PL/I
Internet resources in one location.
Second, it will allow those who have a need for
PL/I skills to connect with those who have PL/I
skills. If you have PL/I on your resume, Jerry
will add a link to your resume if you want.
Contributions of codes etc are welcome.
Send (in plaintext ASCII) to:
robin_vowels@rmit.edu.au
Other possible sites are as follows:
Japan: http://www.ibm.co.jp/pc/prod/sa/0272.html
If you know of any other home pages, please advise the author.
(Q8) Where can I find discussion groups?
* A PL/I newsgroup was established in January 1996
following the passing on 3 January 1996 of voting for
the newsgroup "comp.lang.pl1" (350 votes for, 18
votes against).
* Join PL1-L@listserv.dartmouth.edu on the internet.
To subscribe, send a note to listserv@listserv.dartmouth.edu
In the body of the note, enter:
SUB PL1-L yourname
To post a comment, send it to pl1-l@listserv.dartmouth.edu
* On Compuserve, enter: go os2df1
Then go to subsection 6: "Rexx and other languages".
* Russian: Discussion of PL/I in Russian takes place on
relcom.comp.os.os2.prog
* German: Seems to take place at: de.comp.sys.amiga.misc
* Or consider attending a SHARE or GUIDE PL/I presentation
as either a spectator or presenter. Postings appear from
time to time in comp.lang.pl1
(Q9) How did PL/I originate?
PL/I came into being as a result of an attempt to produce
a revision of FORTRAN. Such were the changes necessary that
it was not possible to introduce the new features needed
to bring FORTRAN up-to-date, and to be compatible with
existing programs, that it was decided to introduce a
new language that included the best features of the
then main languages FORTRAN, COBOL, and Algol.
Originally, the new language was called "New Programming
Language", or NPL. However, as these initials were
already taken by the National Physical Laboratory in
Britain, the name became PL/I (for Programming Language One).
The new language contained features not then seen before in
a general-purpose programming language -- including interrupt
handling, array operations, list processing, and a macro
pre-processor.
There is some controvesy over the name -- whether it is PL/I
or PL/1. The first manuals (for the first compiler, the
IBM PL/I (F) compiler) called it PL/I, not PL/1. The ANSI
standard calls it PL/I. The title of the first reference
manual is:
IBM, "PL/I Language Reference", 1965.
The title of the manual for the first compiler is:
"IBM System 360 PL/I (F) Language Reference Manual", 1966.
Since then, almost all manufacturers and textbooks
called it PL/I.
(Q10) What tools are available?
Some are: [This question is under construction]
PL/I Analyzer is a reverse engineeering and re-engineering tool,
available from Leverage Technologies, 6701 Democracy Blvd,
Suite 703, Bethesda MD 20817, U.S.A. Tel (301) 309-8783
email: info@levtech.com
http://stout.levtech.com/
Version 2.0 is the latest, with Year 2000 diagnostic support.
Leverage has also released PLI-2000, a tool for locating
Year 2000 problems.
LevTech provide tools and services for Software Maintenance, legacy
Software reengineering and the Year 2000 (Y2K, Millennium) Problem
including PL/I and Natural/Adabas.
MicroFocus offers tools to accompany PL/I for OS/2. For more infomation,
contact them at Suite 400, 2465 East Bayshore Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303, U.S.A.
http://www.mfltd.co.uk/
PLIFORM is a PL/I source code formatter, available from
Magicon, Inc. You'll find them at:
909 University Ave, Suite 22, Los Gatos, CA 95030-2345, U.S.A.
Another PL/I formatter is available (details available soon).
You can download a trial version at:
ftp www.neosoft.com
userid: anonymous
<password is your e-mail address>
cd /pub/users/d/djones/format
binary
get format.exe
quit
Further details from the author at: peter-ostermann@t-online.de
Latest copy is at:
ftp://ftp.mindspring.com/users/enojon
The name of the file is FORMPLI3.ZIP
(Q11) Where can I read about PL/I?
Peter Elderon's white paper on Object Oriented Programming
for PL/I can be viewed at :
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/PLI_OO.html
A white paper on object-oriented PL/I programming can be
found at:
http://www.ionet.net/~mclapper/
An interesting article on PL/I appeared in the Enterprise
Systems Journal in December 1995. You can view it at:
http://www.cs.rmit.edu.au/~rav/ENTERPRISE.html
A paper about PL/I and C is available at:
http://www.uni-muenster.de/URZ/Mitarbeiter/EberhardSturm/PL1andC.html
http://www.software.ibm.com/ad/pli/pliwhat.html